System and apparatus for determining the listening habits of wave signal receiver users



Nov. 24, 1953 G. R. CORDELL 2,660,507

SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE LISTENING HABITS OF wAvE SIGNAL RECEIVER USERS Filed March 26, 1948 10 Sheets Sheet l JNVENTOR.

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Geo 9e Filed March 26, 1948 Nov. 24, 1953 G. R. CORDELL 2,660,507

SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE LISTENING HABITS OF WAVE SIGNAL RECEIVER USERS Filed March 26, 1948 10 Sheets-Sheet 5 cones/Gym. GE

Nov. 24, 1953 G. R. CORDELL 2,660,507

SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE LISTENING HABITS OF WAVE SIGNAL RECEIVER USERS l0 Sheets-$heet 4 Filed March 26, 1948 RM lllililluU 3 Geofe /z @wmw I mum @S mg 4 Nov. 24, 1953 G R. CORDELL 2,660,507

SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE LISTENING HABITS OF WAVE SIGNAL RECEIVER USERS Filed March 26, 1948 10 Sheets-Sheet 5 4-)! JNVENTOR.

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Nov. 24, 1953 G, R. CORDELL TUS FOR DETERMINING 2,660,507 THE LISTENING WAVE SIGNAL RECEIVER USERS SYSTEM AND APPARA HABITS OF Filed March 26, 1948 10 Sheets-Sheet 6 a. fi

INVENTOR.

Nov. 24, 1953 G R. CORDELL 2,660,507

SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE LISTENING HABITS OF WAVE SIGNAL RECEIVER USERS Filed March 26, 1948 10 Sheets-Sheet '7 I l l INVENTOR.

\ v Nov. 24; 1953 G. R. CORDELL 2,660,507 SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE LISTENING HABITS OF WAVE SIGNAL RECEIVER USERS l0 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed March 26, 1948 INVENTOR.

cs. R. CORDELL 5 7 FOR DETERMINING THE LISTENING HABITS OF WAVE SIGNAL RECEIVER USERS Nov. 24, 1953 SYSTEM AND APPARATUS Filed March 26, 1948 10 Sheets-Sheet 9 IN VEN TOR.

M. fma 0% Nov. 24, 1953 G. R. CORDELL 2,660,507

SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE LISTENING HABITS OF WAVE SIGNAL RECEIVER USERS l0 Sheets-Sheet 10 Filed March 26, 1948 IN V EN TOR. G90 7' ejfivb/Co raiel,

ww uu Z 7 4 Al m mm Q .Mi f h Patented Nov. 24, 1953 UNITED STATES SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMIN- ING THE LISTENING HABITS OF WAVE SIGNAL RECEIVER USERS George Ralph Cordell, Terre Haute, Ind., assignor to A. C. Nielsen Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Illinois Application March 26, 1948, Serial No. 17,314

17 Claims.

The present invention relates to a system and apparatus for determining the listening habits (or viewing habits in the case of television) of users of wave signal receivers for any band whether standard broadcast, short wave, frequency modulation, television or the like. More particularly the present invention relates to an improved system and apparatus for determining the audience popularity rating of different programs transmitted from one or more wave signal transmitters and for gathering other information of great importance in determining the effectiveness of radio advertising.

Instrumented methods of determining the listening habits of home radio receiver users have been found to be the only satisfactory way of obtaining accurate information with regard to the listening or viewing habits ofsuch wave signal receiver users. Such instrumented methods generally involve the use of a recording device operating in conjunction with one or more receivers in a particular collaborators home. In certain situationsit is desirable to use a recording device common to a plurality of homes used in the sampling system to record the extent of use of the receiver or receivers and to record as a function of time the particular channels to which the receiver or receivers are tuned for program reception. One device of this type commonly used heretofore comprises facilities for driving in a predetermined manner with respect to time, such as at constant speed, a recording element, such as a tape, for example, together with a translating means for variably positioning a recording stylus relative to the recording element in ac cordance with the tuning condition of the receivers. From the record on the recording ele ment it is possible to determine the particular stations to which one or more receivers were tuned and also the length of time that the receiver or receivers were tuned to various channels. The transverse positions of the record indications relative to the recording element were indicative of the channels to which the receiver was tuned. By moving the recording element at a constant speed and knowing the starting time when the element was put in operation each following point therealong is representative of a later chronological instant so long as the recording element continues to be driven at a constant speed.

It will be apparent that where the channels to which a wave signal receiver may be tuned are indicated by the transverse position of traces produced on the recording element that there is a r years there has been an increased use of multiband receivers including the standard broadcast band, the short wave band, the frequency modulation or F. M. band and even the television hand, many modern receivers providing reception in at least three bands. Furthermore statistics have shown that the percentage of homes in which more than one receiver is used has steadily increased so that at the present tim one-third of all radio homes have two or more receivers. It is apparent that to get all the information from a plurality of receivers, capable of being tuned to a plurality of wave bands, on a single recording element using the transverse position of the trace on the record tape as uniquely identifying the tuning condition may cause considerable difiiculty. It would be desirable to provide in a simple manner an arrangement in which the tuning condition of a plurality of receivers to substantially all channels within all the different wave bands can readily be recorded on a single simple recording element of conventional size.

Statistics show that today the average wave signal receiver is used only about four and one half hours per day. This means that such a receiver is used only a little over twenty percent 01' the time. Where the recording element moves at a constant speed to provide time information it is apparent that almost eighty percent of the recording element will contain no information with respect to the channels to which the receiver is tuned, the absence of a record indicating that the receiver was not turned on. If the sample of radio receiver homes chosen for obtaining the marketing research information is large covering a thousand or several thousand homes, it is apparent that the amount of recording elements used becomes a substantial factor. It would be desirable to provide a recording device which would conserve the recording element and substantially only consume or effectively expose such recording element when it is desired to produce a record thereon, while at the same time still providing the necessary time information thereon.

As has been fully described in co-pending R-ahmel application, serial No. 762,962, filed July 23, 1947, and assigned to the same assignee as the present application, the cost of obtaining information with reference to the listening habits of wave signal receiver users is greatly reduced if the recorder is provided with a mailable magazine for the recording element. It would be desirable further to decrease the cost of obtaining the necessary information with respect to the listening habits of wave signal receiver users by providing an inexpensive simple means for receiving the recording element which has effectively been exposed which means can readily be mailed to the analysis organization for decoding and analyzing the information contained on the recording element.

Accordingly it is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved system. and apparatus for recording information pertinent to the listening or viewing habits of wave signal receiver users.

It is another object of the present invention to provide improved apparatus for recording the tuning condition of one or more wave signal re ceivers with a simple means for recording the desired information on a relatively small recording element regardless of either the number of receivers involved, the number of channels to which the receivers may be tuned, or the number of bands in which the channels may be located.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a new and improved device in which all information pertinent to the tuning condition of a wave signal receiver is applied to a re cording element in the form of a code.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a new and improved device for recording the listening habits of wave signal receiver users where the movable recording element is moved substantially only at times when a record has been produced thereon or is to be produced thereon.

Still a further object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved arrangement for recording the tuning conditions of one or more wave signal receivers in which no ambiguity with regard to the record produced can occur and wherein it is readily possible to decode the information recorded without any ambiguity.

Further objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent as the following description proceeds, and the feature of novelty which characterize the invention will be pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification.

For a better understanding of the present invention reference may be had to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figs. 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d are diagrammatic illustrations showing first, second, third and fourth portions of the system and apparatus of the present invention, arranged so as to be united into a single disclosure, Fig. la showing the receiver being monitored and certain associated equipment, Fig. 1b showing the recorder, Fig. showing the station translator and code signal generator and Fig. 1d showing the timing unit.

2a and 2b are detailed views of one device which may be used for a device shown in block diagram in Fig. id of the drawings.

Fig. 3 is an elevational view of the recorder shown schematically in Fig. lb of the drawings:

e an enlarged top view of a portion of the recorder shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings:

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken substantially at line 55 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a side view of a portion of the recorder shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings and taken substantially in the direction of the arrows 6-4; of Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is a partial sectional view taken on line 1-1 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a cartridge for receiving the recording element employed in connection with the recorder oi the present invention shown in condition for mailing;

Fig. 9 is a detailed view of the cartridge shown in Fig. 8 with portions thereof broken away, the

4 cartridge being shown in the film receiving position;

Fig. 10 is a sectional view taken on line iii-Hl of a;

Fig. 11 is a sectional view taken on line I l-H of 10 assuming that 10 shows the complete cartridge;

Fig. 12 is a view of a rat .het gear mechanism of the recorder or the present invention taken in the direction of the arrows iii-42 of Fig. 4- and Fig. 13 a VlQFF of portion oi? the recordin element showing a typical record thereon. 1

Although the present invention, as will become from the folio description, lends iiself especially well to recording the tuning condition of receivers used in multiple receiver homes, some or all of which receivers may be multi-band receivers, for the purpose of illustrating the invention only a single receiver has he .1 illustrated. From the following description however it will be readily apparent that the sys tern and apparatus of the present invention is very flexible and record information pertinent to a large number of receivers tuned to an indefinite number of channels including channels in all wave bands.

Referring now to the schematic disclosures shown in Figs. 1a, 1b, 10 and 1d of the drawings there is illustrated a wave signal receiver Hi which may comprise any type of wave signal receiver whether of type capable of being tuned to only one or whether of the more complex: type of receiving in addition to the standard broadcast band frequency modulation signals and perhaps even television signals. As illustrates the wave signal receiver l0, shown in block diagram, comprises an antenna ground input circuit H and an output unit generally designated at [2 which may comprise a loud, speaker in the case of audio signals but which might comprise some other signal reproducer in the case of television signals. The receiver Ii] is indicated com-- prising a manually actuable knob ill for turnim the receiver on and off and conventionally for manually adjusting the volume control. In ad dition the Wave signal receiver it comprises a suitable tuning device which is illustrated comprising a manually actuable knob I4 which adapted to actuate through suitable shafts I5 and i8 and gears ii and a su table resonant f.l'-- quency varying device generally indicated at M. This resonant frequency varying device might comprise movable ferromagnetic cores in event of permeability tuning; ganged condensers in the event of condenser tuning; or any other suitable means. illustrated in the drawings the r sonant frequency varying device Till comprises ganged condensers the rotors of which are movable with the shaft 16 which in turn is actuacle virtue of the tuning knob M. The manual. knob 13 is illustrated adapted to control a movable contact 2i which is engageable with a stationary contact 222. Conventionallv the wave signal receiver iii adapted to be corinected to a suitable source of power generallv designated at 23 by means of a suitable power cord terminating in a plug connector 26 the power circuit being completed by the switch contacts 2| and 22 when receiver I0 i turned on.

For the purpose of recording the tuning con-- dition of the wave signal receiver ii] there is provided what might be designated as a receiver attachment associated with the wave signal receiver attachment associated with the wave signal rece1ver Ii] for recording the tuning condi- .7 i the housing portions in any predetermined relative positions in which they may be moved by relative rotation thereof.

To more readily cause the recording element 42 received within the cartridge 60 to take the form of a roll there are provided a plurality of pairs of curved flat spring members 65 fastened to the inner housing member 53 at spaced points as is clearly shown in Figs. and 11 of the drawings. These curved spring members 65 may each have one end welded or otherwise suitably fastened to the inside wall of the housing portion 63, each two spring members cooperating to form a loop having an entrance portion adjacent the opening 51 to receive the recording element 4! and to cause the recording element to curve into a small roll. As the roll of recording element 4| within the cartridge 80 increases in size the pairs of curved flat spring members 55 expand to relieve the pressure on the roll and allow the recording element Iii to continue to move into the cartridge til with the application of a minimum force.

It will be apparent that the opening ii in the cartridge E6 must be held in predetermined position relative to the recorder to insure proper movement of the recording element 4i therethrough. Accordingly the outer housing portion 02 is provided at its closed end with a diametrical groove 58 and at its open end with notches 58 disposed at diametrically opposed positions, the groove 6!! being parallel with a line interconnecting notches 69. As will become apparent as the following description proceeds the groove (38 and the notches G9 are adapted to cooperate with suitable guide means for positioning the cartridge 60 in a predetermined manner relative to the recorder unit 25.

In accordane, with the present invention the cartridge is especially designed. for mailing in a simple manner and as illustrated includes a suitab e self ed stamped mailing label mg th or portion pasted or otherwise suitabl. fastens... to the erterior of the inner housing portion 83. A portion of adjacent the ongoing is free not pasted to the housing portion is desired to mail the cartridge 50 with the exposer recor element ii eon ained therein, relative rotation. between the outer and inner housin portions 52 and G3 is produced so that the up tie and iii?) are no lenge' in alignment and so that the mailing label H! is exposed through. the opening rT-ic. The relative rotation E52. When it of the housing portions tit and 63 must be such as and stamp is exposed that the in Elingz add-re in the manner shown m Fig. 8 of the drawings. The free end 0;? the mailing label lil may be suitably gummed for pasting to the exterior of the housing portion 52. Since the other end of the label 'l 'l is sect. 1y fastened. to the in er housing portion 53 the label 'lii not only functions as a niailine, label but holds the two housing portions in a closed and substantially and i3.-. scaled manner to protect the recording element 41 contai ed therein, while in transit between the collaborators home the analysis organization. understood that, if desired, the

may be dispensed with and the may be applied directly to the exterior sur of the inner housing 63 so as to be exposed through the aperture filb when the j portions 532 and G3 are rotated effectively to close the opening (it. The necessary postage would of course also have been applied to the this label '19 a in that it is' Ill) cartridge 68 by the analysis organization. If the outer and inner housings B2 and 63 fit together in a relatively tight manner friction will hold them in any desired predetermined positions to expose the address and stamp when the mailing label described above is dispensed with. If desired suitable simple locking means such as cooperating notches or the like may be provided to hold the inner and outer housing portions 62 and 63 in predetermined relative positions.

2. Tape shear It will be apparent that in order to employ the mailable cartridge described above that means must be provided for periodically cutting off the tape or recording element ii to permit of the cartridge 59 with the exposed recording element therein. In accordance with the present invention there is provided adjacent the recording unit 53 a suitable shear '12 best shown in Figs. lb, 4 and 5 of the drawings. As illustrated the shear 7?. includes a cutting edge which is adapted to slide along the edge of the soft iron block 5i thereby shearing the tape or recording element 4i between the edge of the shear l2 and the top edge of the soft iron block 51. As best shown in Figs. 3 and 6 of the drawings shear i2 is disposed for vertical movement within a narrow space 13 defined between the n'iagnetic recording means 53 and. cartridge supply chamber or storage magazine As illustrated each end of the shear T2 is provided with lateral extensions 72a and 522). In order to cause the shear 72 to follow a predetermined path of movement during a tape shearing operation, shear guides 75 are provided adjacent either end thereof which guides are disposed within the narrow space "13. These shear guides '!5 are adapted to be biased by means oi suitable springs 56 against the shear l2 and consequently cause the shear to move closely adjacent the iron block 57. Preferably suitable screw. "i7 permit any desired adjustment of the forces applied by the springs '36 to insure proper shearing action at all times. in order further to control the movement of the shear 74 a suitable operating chanism is provided engageable with each end of the shear. As illustrated a suitable shaft 73 is journaled for pivotal movement in housing '13. A crank arm is fastened to the end of the shaft 18 adjacent the shear extension TM and a crank arm 1% is fastened to the other end of the shaft 73. The other ends of the crank. arms tile and 191) are connected by suitable linl-zs Him and 8% respectively to the extensions "i720: and Nb respectively of the shear 12. By havin one end of each of the cranks "19c and 79b fixedly mounted on the shaft 78 simultaneous movement of both ends of the shear T2 is insured. as illustrated the shear i2 is tapered from. one end to the other so that the shearing operation progresses transversely across the tape or recording element 4|. Also as illustrated the shear l2 normally biased to its upper or non-shearing position by suitable means such as a tension spring 8i which has one end thereof to the shear extension 72b while the 1s fastened to a suitable member 32 from the housing Any suitable means for operating the shear 12 may be provided. As illustrated this means eomprises a solenoid suitably supported by the housing 40 having an armature 85 connected by means of a link 81 with the crank arm lab. Energization of the winding 85a of the shear solenoid connectec other end supported 85 causes its armature 56 to be moved downwardly as shown in 1b and 5 of the drawings with the result that the crank is moved from the solid line position shown in Fig. 6 to the dotted line position and the recording element ii is out off within the narrow iii.

3. Cam ides storage magazine ejecting mechanism In accordance '1 the pr nt invention a cartridge store n J 0.- ed whereby a plurality of cartridges 55 may be containe therein *eparatory to moving into the recording element receiving position. In this way automatic means may e cartridges at of pr periods. I -'or example, it i the recorded information once at the end we: the shear in cllanisin described above id tl rtr' -e ejecting mechactuated, whereupon tains recording eleed information for the on be mailed to the illustrated the car comprises a vertical stacked vertical relationdges best shown in Fig. h this arrangement gravined calendar red to gather per week, then the Calil'id ni R ent 1'12. Jig "seeding We column for receiving in ship a plurality of cart 3 of the drawings. ity alone trnl es when The cartridges til are in '54 with s horizontal and the opcn-- n disposed toward the recordiapted to move into the ent receiving position. For the the cartridges 63 within the provided. a pair oi vertical 'tably fastened v ithln the guide rods 96 and 85 are spaced so that od Si] engages with the cartridges til and the guide ith the no hes 55% of the car- The are inserted he cartridge storage engage with the coopnotches and as respecs will be properly ca ridges 6i? move to -csition, the tape olnatically enter the ope. n g e t.

For the purpose of holding the cartridges 60 in proper position in the storage magazine there are provided a pair of cartridge holding arms 33 suitably fastened to a shaft 3% jcurnaled in the housing Gil. These cartridge arms 93 are, when disposed in the positions shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings, adapted to hold the lowermost cartridge 60, which is in the recording element receiving position, at a predetermined level so that the aperture 6i therein is in position to receive the recording element l! moving along the table d9 through rotation of the sprocket drive .4. The other cartridges es in the magazine M are normally supported one on top of the other, in the positions shown, by the lowermost cartridge Ell, so as to be free to move downwardly under the influence of gravity at certain desired times.

The cartridge magazine i l further includes an extension or chute portion 96 which is connected by a curved wall portion 51 with the main porbe so orientated that 10 tion of the magazine Hi. When the cartridge arms 93 are moved so as to permit the lowermost cartridge 60 to fall by gravity the curved wall portion 9! guides the cartridge and causes it to roll into the chute portion 96 where a substantial portion of the cartridge is exposed so that it may readily be grasped and removed for mailing purposes, whereupon the aperture GI is closed in the manner described above. If desired a suitable alarm switch, not shown, may be provided in the chute 96 so that when a cartridge drops into the chute 96 the switch is closed to actuate an alarm indicating that a cartridge is available for mailing to the analysis organization.

The cartridge arms 93 are adapted to enter appropriate openings 98 cut in the curved wall portion 91 whereby the cartridge arms 93 may be moved completely out of an interfering posi tion relative to the lowermost cartridge in the magazine 14.

For the purpose of ejecting the lowermost cartridge 60 at appropriate times, any suitable means may be provided such for example as a cartridge ejecting solenoid I00, suitably supported by the housing 40. The cartridge ejecting solenoid I00 is illustrated as having an armature I0l connected by means of a suitable crank I02 with the shaft 94. Preferably the wall of the housing 40 is provided with an arcuate opening I06 through which the crank i02 may extend whereby the solenoid I00 may be mounted er:- teriorally of the housing 40 adjacent the shear solenoid described above if desired. It will be apparent that energization of the winding illila of the solenoid I00 will cause the crank 82 to rotate the shaft 94 in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 6 of the drawings, with the result that the cartridge arms 33 fixedly mounted to the shaft 54 are also rotated in the counterclockwise direction to the lowermost position shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings, whereby the lowermost cartridge 60 is free to move into the chute 96. A suitable lost motion connection is provided between the crank I02 and the solenoid armature I01 to permit pivotal movement of the former and longitudinal movement of the latter in a manner well understood by those skilled in the art. To this end the crank I552 is provided with a yoke I02a, one arm of which is disposed on either side of the armature 595. A pin I 01 extends through an opening in the armature WI and through elongated slots N8 in the arms of the yoke which provide the desired lost motion connection. t will be apparent that energization of the solenoid I00 causes a cartridge-ejecting operation.

Suitable means must be provided to hold the cartridges 60 in the magazine Ill in proper position or in other words, accurately to hold the arms 93 in the position shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings so that the recording element may enter the opening SI of the lowermost cartridge in the magazine M. The means for holding the arms 93 in the cartridge holding position must also be releasable when the solenoid I09 is energized.

As illustrated, this is accomplished by means drawings against a suitable stop II 3. This stop H3 is suitably fastened to the housing 40 and extends into the path of movement of the crank I02 as is clearly shown in Figs. i, 5 and 6 of the drawings so as accurately to position the cartridge holding arms 93. The solenoid I is capable of producing suflicient force to move the car tridge arms 93 out of their normal holding posi tions at high speed, thereby stressing the tension spring IIO. If desired the stop II3 may be provided with a cushioning surface where engaged by the crank I02.

During the cartridge ejecting operation when the holding arms 93 are retracted through the openings 98 in the curved wall 91, the support for the cartridges 60 above the cartridge in the recording element receiving position is removed, since these cartridges as was mentioned. above are merely stacked one above the other. Hence it is necessary to hold all but the lowermost cartridge in the magazine I4 while the holding arms 93 are moved to the nonholding position to release the lowermost cartridge, since otherwise gravity will cause all of the cartridges 60 in the magazine I3 to move toward the chute 9B.

To this end there are provided a pair of cartridge supporting fingers I20 connected to a shaft i2! suitably journaled in angle supports I22 fastened to the exterior wall of the magazine I4. The cartridge supporting fingers I20 are adapted to move into the magazine I4 through suitable apertures I23 defined in the housing to the dotted line positions shown in Fig. of the drawings. For the purpose of actuating the fingers I to the cartridge-holding position at the proper time, I

the shaft I2I is suitably connected by means of a crank I25 with the rod II2, so that upon energization of the solenoid I00 the cartridge-holding fingers I20 move from the solid line position shown in Fig. 5 of the drawings to the dotted line position to hold the cartridge 60 which is ready to move to the tape receiving position and the others supported thereby in an elevated position until the cartridge-holding arms 93 are returned by the action of the tension spring M3 to their holding position with the crank I02 against the stop I I3 to receive the next cartridge.

4. First driving means for recording element 41 In accordance with the present invention two separate means for causing the recording element 4| to move relative to the recording heads 54 and into the cartridge are provided. The first of these driving means best shown in Figs. 12), 4, 7 and 12 of the drawings comprises a solenoid actuated ratchet device generally indicated at I30 capable of advancing the recording element 4| in an intermittent manner. Preferably the solenoid actuated ratchet device I30 produces about A; of an inch of movement of the recording element 4| in response to each energization of the associated solenoid. As illustrate-d this device I30 comprises a solenoid I3I including a winding I3Ia. The solenoid I3I is provided with a movable armature I32 which is normally biased to the position assumed when the winding I3Ia is unenergized, shown in the drawings, by means of a spring I33. The armature I32 is connected by suitable means to a pivotally mounted lever I34 to which is fastened a suitable pawl I35 biased in any suitable manner into engagement with a ratchet I36. ihe ratchet I36 is mounted on a suitable shaft I31 suitably journaled in the housing of the recorder 25. Mounted for rotation with the shaft I3! is a gear I30 which meshes with a gear I39 suitably fastened to the shaft 45 of the sprocket drive 44. It is apparent that with this arrangement rotation of the ratchet I36 through engagement by the pawl I35 causes rotation of the sprocket drive 44 and consequently movement of the recording element 41 in a direction toward the cartridge magazine M. As illustrated best in the schematic showing of Fig. 1b of the drawings and also Fig. 12 energization of the winding I3Ia causes the pawl I35 to slip over the ratchet teeth of the ratchet I36. Upon deenergization of the winding I3Ia the spring I33 returns the armature 132 to its initial position and at the same time the pawl I35 011-- gaging the ratchet teeth I36 causes rotation of the shaft I31 and the associated gears I38 and I39 with the consequent movement of the recording element 4|.

The particular control for the periodic energizing of the winding I3Ia of the solenoid IZI will be described in greater detail hereinafter. It will be apparent however that deencrgization of winding I3Ia following energization thereof will permit the force stored in the spring I33 to advance the recording element about threefourths of an inch or any other suitable amount.

5. Second driving means for recording element 41 It will be apparent that prior to operation of the shear I2 that a sufiicient movement of the recording element 4| must be provided to insure that any record produced thereon by the recording heads 54 is moved into the cartridge 60 or at least beyond the shear I2 in order to be included in the record of the appropriate calendar period. Consequently in accordance with the present invention there is provided a second paper drive which is actuated periodically at the end of a predetermined calendar period for a record of the listening habits is desired. If the cartridges 60 are to be mailed to the analysis organization once per week, then the second paper drive means to be described hereinafter is actuated to cause a substantial movement of the recording element 4|, at the end of each week. This paper drive might be called the eighth-day recording element drive since it is actuated at the beginning of the eighth day when weekly periods are involved. This drive must be capable of pushing the recording element 4i under the recording unit 53, past the shear I2, and into the cartridge 60 in the recording element receiving position so that all the record which has been produced prior to the actuation of the shear I2 will be included in the cartridge 60. This second paper drive is best shown in Figs. lb, 4 and 6 of the drawings. In the schematic diagram of Fig. 1b the second paper drive generally designated at M0 is indicated as being applied to the opposite end of the sprocket drive 44 from that of the first paper drive 230. It should be understood however that the second paper drive I40 might be applied to either end of the sprocket drive 44 and in Figs. i and 6 of the drawings it is illustrated as being applied to the same end of the sprocket drive :4 as the ratchet mechanism I30. The corresponding parts of the second paper drive 14b regardless of the end of the sprocket drive 44 with which associated are designated by the same reference nu merals. As illustrated the second paper drive I40 includes a suitable ratchet I4I suitably keyed or otherwise fastened to the shaft 45 for the sprocket drive 44. A disk I42 is floatingly mounted on the shaft 45 of the sprocket drive 44 which disk has mounted thereon a pivotally mounted pawl I43 biased by suitable spring means I44 into engagement with the teeth of the ratchet I4I. When the first paper drive mechanism I operates to cause rotation of the shaft 45, the disk I42 remains stationary and the pawl I43 slips over the teeth of the ratchet I4I.

For the purpose of actuating the second paper drive there is provided a solenoid I45 including a winding [45a and a movable armature I46. The movable armature I46 is connected by means of a link I41 to a suitable crank arm I48 fastened to the floating disk I42. When the solenoid I45 is energized a predetermined rotation of the disk I42 is caused such for example as about one-third of a revolution, in a direction so that the pawl I43 engages the teeth of the ratchet I4I similarly to rotate the shaft 45 and consequently the sprocket drive 44 through about onethird of a revolution. It will be apparent that when the second paper drive I operates it will have no adverse effect on the first paper drive I30 since the pawl I35 of the first paper drive then merely slips over the ratchet teeth of the ratchet I36.

CONTROL FOR RECORDER, UNIT 25 In order to supply power for energizing the various solenoids 85, I00, I3I and I associated with the recorder unit 25 a power cord comprising a pair of conductors I50a and I 5% connected to the power source 23, through a suitable plug connector I5I are provided. It will be understood that sequential operation of the solenoids ms, at and Iilll is desired so that the rea cording element 4| is first moved to insure that every part having any record thereon is moved into the cartridge 68, after which the shear 12 may operate, following which the cartridge ejecting solenoid I 20 may be energized. To secure such proper sequential operation at the end of a predetermined calendar period such as the beginning or" the eighth day the conductors I50 are connected to supply the winding 545a of the second paper drive solenoid I45 through the normally open contacts I52 of a relay I53 having a winding 153a. The relay I53 might be referred to as the eighth-day control relay in that at the end of a predetermined calendar period such for example as a seven day period it is energized in a manner to be described hereinafter to close its normally open contacts I52. With this arrangement it is apparent that upon energization of the eighth day control relay I53 that the second paper drive solenoid I 45 is energized to cause a P predetermined movement of the recording element to insure that all of the recording ele ment having any recorded information thereon is moved into the cartridge 60.

In order to energize the shear solenoid 85 immediately after the recording element 43 has been moved by the second paper drive i4 3, the solenoid I45 has associated therewith an interlocking switch I55 which is adapted to close normally open contacts IE5 when the armature I45 reaches the end of its stroke upon energization of the solenoid I45. Closing of the normally open interlock contact I55 connects the power source 23 through the conductors ifitct and Itilb across the winding 85a of the shear solenoid 85 to cause energization thereof and cutting oil the recording element 4i immediately following operation of the second paper drive I 43. The relay I53 should be provided with sufiicient time delay with respect to drop out to insure that the contacts I52 remain closed a sufficiently long time for the successive energization. of the solenoids I45, and Iiiil in that order.

For the purpose of energizing the cartridge ejecting mechanism immediately after the re cording element 4i has been cut off by the shear ii, the shear solenoid is provided with an inter locking switch I53 for closing normally open contacts I59 when the armature es oi: the shear s01enoid 85 reaches the ends of its stroke following energization thereof. The contacts I5t connect the power source 23 across the winding reset of the solenoid itd through the contacts I56, the contacts I52 and the conductors I580. and 25%. The contacts of the eighth day control relay I53 remain closed for the necessary interval of time to permit successive energization of the solenoids I45, 85 and lat.

From the above description it will be understood that whenever the contacts 52 of th elay i552 are closed at the end of a predate ned calendar period successive energization of the solenoids Hit, 85 and 556 results, w .ereupon he recording element 4I is moved a substantial istance into cartridge to, shear '52 cuts on the recording element 55 and the cartridge ejecting mechanism moves the cartridge 3 out of the tape receiving position into a position where it may readily be grasped and mailed to the analysis organization. At the same time a new cartridge is moved into position to receive the recording element for the successive calendar period.

The relay I53 has been indicated as a low voltage relay and accordingly there is provided a suitable transformer Itl whose primary winding It! is connected across the conductors iota and i532) and whose secondary winding its is connected in series with the winding I 530; of the re lay I53 and a suitable time controlled svitch means forming a part oi the timing; unit 2? to he described hereinafter for causing energisation of the relay 6'53 at the end of each predetermined calendar period.

The energization of the winding Isis; of t e solenoid MI is dependent upon the op ation of the control relays 2H, and ti and the device and consequently no discussion thereof is included in this section of the application but instead is fully described in connection with section relating to such control relays and device.

CONTROL RELAYS 2 3G, AILD 31 AND DEVICE As was mentioned above the recording element 4I does not move continuously with respect to time as in many prior art devices, hut is moved only at about the time a record produced thereon. As illustrated the recording element moves immediately following a recording operation so as to be ready for a successive recording operation. It will he understood that it might equally well be moved immediately preceding a recording operation. it is essential that a record he produced for any change of operation of the receiver Ill. Consequently if the t1;' 1g changed, or the receiver is turned on turned cit" the recorder 25 must he actuated to record the pertinent information. The control relays 25, 30 and El and the device provide the means for actuating the recorder in response to any change in tuning of the receiver It as well as when the receiver is turned on or off. lhe control relay 2% is essentially an owed relay since it is energized when the receiver i is turned on and is deenergized when the receiver II] is turned off. To this end the control relay 29 has its winding ltd connected in series with one conductor of the power cord 113131571113 the receiver in. The receiver H) is illustrated b connected to the source '23 through its cord and plug connector 26 the winding H33 of the relay 29 and the plug connector I55. The winding let of the relay 25 is so designed that when the receiver I8 is turned on a surhcicnt current flows to the receiver to energize the relay 2!] and cause it to close its normally pen contacts 29a and 23b and to open its normally close contacts 290. The contacts 29a control the supply of power to the relays 3i and BI and conse quently also to the device 32. One side of each of the cor sis fito and an. connected together and by means of a conductor I64 are connected to the recording head Eda of the recorder unit 25 whereby as will be described hereinafter the on or oil" condition 01' the receiver in may be recorded in suitable code.

The control relay 30 essentially comprises a relay responsive to the condition of the contacts I65 of the device 32 for controlling the energization of the relay 3I. As illustrated the winding of the relay 30 is energized from the power conductors 23 through suitable conductors I66a and IE6?) the conductor IEBb being connected to the source 23 through the contacts 29a of the relay 29. Whenever the receiver I!) is turned on, power is supplied to the winding of the relay 30 through the contacts I65 oi the device 32 to be described in detail hereinafter. The relay 33 18 described as an instantaneous-dropout timedelay-pick-up relay which time-delay pickup is schematically designated by the dashpot It? shown in Fig. 1a of the drawings. Whenever relay 39 is energized its normally open contacts 330: are closed after a predetermined time delay. Upon deenergization of the relay 30 the contacts 300: are instantaneously opened.

Control relay 3I which may be a bellows operated switch device of some sort, comprises a winding I68 which is energized whenever the relay 3i) closes its contacts 30a. Control relay 3I is illustrated as comprising a movable switch arm I69 which is adapted momentarily to engage electrically at an intermediate point in its operating stroke with a stationary contact H0. The relay 3| is provided with a device schematically indicated at H I for providing a predetermined time delay for either direction of operation, which time delay means could comprise a bellows device or the like. The position of the switch arm Hi9 when the relay Si is unenergized is shown in solid lines in Fig. la, while the energized position thereof is shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1a of 1e drawings. It is apparent from Fig. la that the contact I'lli is in eiiect a wiping contact which is momentarily engaged by the switch arm in its time delay movement both from the solid line position to the dotted line position of Fig. la of the drawings as well as during the movement from the dotted line to the solid line position. The switch arm IE3 is connected by means of a conductor I12 and the conductor Ififia to one side of the source 23. The wiping switch contact I is connected by means of a conductor I13 to the other side of the source 23, through either the conductor I'M or the conductor I15. The path through conductor I14 includes the winding I3Ia of the first paper drive solenoid I3I as well as the conductor I'IBa. Whenever switch arm I59 momentarily engages the contact I'IIJ it is apparent that the first paper drive solenoid I3I is energized to advance the recording element H. The conductor H5 is connected to one input terminal I'lla of the code signal generator 25. The other input terminal I'llb of the code signal generator 26 is connected by means of a conductor I78 to the opposite side of the power source 23 from that connected to the switch arm Itil. Thus it is apparent that the code signal generator 26 as well as the solenoid I3I are energized momentarily as the switch arm I69 engages the contact I10, whereupon suitable code signals are available for recording on element iI. Immediately after deenergization of the solenoid IE1 and spring I33 moves the recording element ll sufficiently relative to the recording heads 54 so that a subsequent record can be produced thereon without interfering with records already produced.

From the above description it will be apparent that whenever the receiver I!) is turned on, actuation of the relay 2% and consequently actuation of the relays 3D and 3I occurs so as to cause a record to be produced on the recording element 4| as Well as to cause movement thereof by virtue of the spring I33 immediately after deenergization of the solenoid I3I. Also when the receiver I0 is turned off the contact I10 is momentarily engaged by the switch arm Idii to again cause encrgization of the code signal generator 23 and advance the recording element 4|.

It should be understood that whenever any change in the tuning condition of the wave signal receiver I0 occurs that a record should be produced on the recording element H whereby it is possible to produce a record without turning the receiver It on or off each time. In accordance with the present invention there is provided a suitable device 32 which causes momentary opening of the contacts whenever the tuning of the wave signal receiver Ill is changed. Any suitable means for this purpose may be employed. Several such means are disclosed and claimed in copending Scherbatskoy application, Serial No. 781,988 filed October 24, 1947, and assigned to the same assignee as the present application. As illustrated in Figs. 2a and 2b of the drawings the device 32 might comprise an inertia or friction switch.

Referring now to Figs. 2a and 2b of the drawings there is illustrated a stationary support It!) through which the tuning shaft 56 extends. A plate I8i having a V-shaped notch therein covered with a V-shaped conductor IE2! is provided. The plate I8I is provided with an opening through which the shaft iii extends. The plate or disk, I8I, is permitted to have a slight pivotal movement relative to the support I30. The movement is controlled by pins extending from the support I83 into short arcuate slots 584 defined in the plate Ilii. Fixerlly mounted on the tuning shaft i6 is a friction dish The plate I8! is biased into frictional. engagement with the friction disk Hi5 by means of a spring I86 whereby the plate ltl initially tends to move as the tuning shaft IE is moved. Cooperating with the V shapcd conductor I222 is a ii-shaped member I81 which includes on each side of the V, one of the pair of contacts viii which when in the position shown are bridged by the f-shaped conductor I82. The V-shaped member 3'. is supported on an arm I63 pivotally mounted from the support Its, and a spring rec biases the member I81 into the V-shaped notch in the plate I81 into engagement with the V-shaped conductor I82. The V-shaped conductor I82 ei'- fectively comprises the switch madam normally bridging the contacts I65 and in Fig. 1d of the drawings the switching member for the com tacts I65 is designated by the? same reference numeral I82; Whenever the tuning shaft leis moved, the friction disk i85 tends-to'rotate the plate I8I' whereby the v shaped member I! is momentarily mo'ved' out of the notch defined by the V shaped conductor I82 to an extent surficient to breakthe bridging connection across the contacts I65. However the spring I89 biases the member I81 into the notch to immediately 're= close the circuit at thecontacts I65 as so'on as rotation of the tuning shaft I6 stops. It should be understood that instead of mounting such a device 32 directly'on the tuning'shaft'lt a suitable mechanical-conne'ction to such shaft may be made by means of Bowden wireorthe like and any suitable means for momentarily interrupting the circuit of the relay 30' whenever a change in the tuning occurs is all that is desired. It will be understood that ifthe recording mechanism and associated apparatusare remote from'the receiver Iiisu'ch as is disclosedin the above mentioned copending Rahrn'el 'and Bentley application then suitable means remote from the receiver responsive to the'change in tuning may be provided for momentarily interrupting the en-' ergization of therelay 30;

CODE SIGNAL GENERATOR 26 Any suitable means may be employedforgencrating the code signals which are recdrdedon the recording element 4| and which are indicative of certain information. Such agenerator may comprise a sourceof discrete characteristics the number of discrete characteristics being dependent upon thenumber of variables desired.- It should be understoodthat the variable char acteristic might comprise current, voltage; fre quency or the like: As illustrated-thecodesigdial generator 26 iscapable-of producing aplurality of signals each of a different unique frequency. It will be understood that such a generator could comprise a plurality of oscillators each capable of producing a signal of a different predeter' mined frequency. As illustrated the'code-signal' generator 26 comprises a plurality of tuned reeds each tuned to a predetermined frequency, ten such tuned reeds which are specifically designated as I90a, I901); I900, I90d, I90e, I90 I909, I90h, I902, and I907 being indicated in Fig. 1c of the drawings. Any suitable frequency range may be employed if tuned reeds are employed al-- though preferably low frequency signals within the rangeof 10 to 100 cycles per second are preferable. It should be understood that i-fosci'llatcrs are employed instead of tuned reeds that signals Reed tacts IS I and into engagement with thee 18 Each of thetuned" reeds I is adapted to vibrate betweenspa'cedcontacts I9I and I92. Inord'erto provide a suitable source of' direct current pi) tential forthe vibrating reeds I 90 there is'intere posed between the terminals I'II'a and IT") and the vibrating reeds; I'QII a full wave rectifier gen-'- erally desigiiatedjat IBIanda suitable filter in? dicated at I94; rhe positive term nal or the" full wave rectifier I93 is indicated as being connected directly to 'thet'en vibrating reeds ISO in parallel. The negative terminal of the full wave rectifier I93 is connected'to all the contacts I92 in parallel through a plurality'ofwindings I95, one winding being individual-to' each vibrating reed. The negative terminal of; the full wave rectifier I93 is connected to a-ll'the contacts I91 in parallel through a plurality of windings I96", one winding bing individual to each vibrating reed. AS'il lustrated all the vibrating'reeds I90 are normally in engagement with their'associated contacts [9] so that if power is applied to the input of the rectifier I93 current will flow through the wind-f ings I96 producing electromagnetic forces for moving the vibrating reeds awayfrozn the 1' arts I92. As long as-power is appliedthe vibrating reeds I 90 will vibrate a'tthe particular frequency for which they are designed and amematmgjnan cycles of current will now through the windings I95. It will be apparentphat a. Winding iijducf tively'coupled with any of the windings I95fwil l have an alternating; current induced'thejrein of the frequency of the associated vibrating reed, Accordingly each o'f'the windings I95 is couple'd inductively with'anassociated winding I91. The

windings I 91 have a commonterminalconnected to a conductor I9:8which is common to all of the recording heads as isclearly indicated'in Fig. 1b of the drawings The other terminals or the windings I91 are brought out individually and are designated by the letters A, B,- C, D, E, F G, H, I, and J respectively. It will be apparent that at the terminals A to J inclusive of the code signal generator-"25 there is available a code signal'which has 'adifierent characteristic at each terminal. Although signals having ten'diife'refit frequencies can be produced with the code signal generator 26 illustrated, it will be understood that more than this number or fewer than this number may beernploye'd. Actually with ten recording heads each of which may be supplied with signals of ten different frequencies it is apparent that means" for producing a very flexible code L. provided.

TIMING UNIT 27 It will be understoodthat one of the variables which must be recorded on the recording element 4| in addition to the particular tuning condition of the receiver If), is time; Not only is it necessary to know to which channels the receiver IEivas' tuned, but for how'long'and'for what particular periods of time must also be'recorded. With the recorder 25 of the present invention this time information is applied when any change in the operation of the wave signal receiver It) occurs, such as a change in tuning or a turning on or turning off-of the receiver. v The pertinent time information maybe supplied in various ways; It is, of course desirable to know-the particular day of the week, the hour of the day, and the" particular minute" in the hour at which any change in the-operation of the receiver" I0 do? curs. If suchtini'e informationisapplied each time any changein tuning ofthe receiverocdur's then it is readily possible to determine the extent of use of the receiver 10. Any suitable means for obtaining this time information may be employed. As illustrated, the information is applied to the recording element 41 by means of the recording heads 5411, 54e, 54f, 54g, and Edit, the recording element 54d recording the particular minute up to ten minutes, the recording element 546 record ing the particular -minute period in any given hour, the recording head 54 recording the particular hour up to six in any quarter day period, the recording head My recording the particular quarter day of any given day and the recording head 54h recording the particular day from one to seven in any given week.

For the purpose of obtaining such time information, there is provided a synchronous motor 200 which is connected by means of conductors 116a and 1161) with the power source 23 preferably through the plug connector I The synchronous motor 200 is adapted to drive a plurality of synchronous switches for supplying the desired time information in minutes, ten minutes, hours, quarter days and days. To provide the desired minute information the synchronous motor 254% is connected by means of a shaft 203 to a synchro-- nous switch arm 204 which is adapted to engage spaced contacts 205a, 205b, 2050, 205d, 2959, 205i, 205g, 205h, 205i and 205i, arranged in equally spaced relationship about the circumference of a circle. The synchronous switch arm 264 is rotated at six revolutions per hour so that the space be tween each of the contacts 205 is equivalent to one minute, ten contacts being provided whereby one revolution of the synchronous switch arm 2554 is equal to ten minutes. As illustrated the syn chronous switch arm 204 is designed so as to engage the succeeding contact immediately upon its disengaging the preceding contact. The switch arm 204 is connected by means of a con ductor 206 with the recording head 54d. The contacts 205a, 2115b, 2050, 235d, 205e, 2115f, 2057i, 2052' and 2059' on the other hand are connected by means of suitable conductors 28M to 2017' respectively which are contained within a suitable cable 208 connected to the terminals A to J respectively of the code signal generator as, each contact 205 marked with an appropriate subscript being connected to the terminal marked with the same letter. It will be apparent then that whenever the code signal generator is energized a signal of a predetermined frequency depending upon the particular contact 295 with which the synchronous switch arm 204 is in engagement at that instant will be recorded on the recording element by the recording head 54d. Thus in any given ten-minute period a code indication of the particular minute in the tenminute period will be recorded.

In order to produce a means for obtaining the particular ten-minute period of which there are six in any given hour, the synchronous motor is connected by means of a shaft 210 and a reduction gear 211 to a shaft 212 upon which mounted a synchronous switch arm 213. The synchronous switch arm 213 is adapted to rotate at twelve revolutions per day, or in other words, one revolution every two hours, which means that one revolution comprises twelve ten-minute periods. To this end there are provided twelve contacts 214 specifically designated as 214a, 21th 214e, 214d, 214e, 214i, 214a, 214b, 214c, 214d, 214e and 214 arranged in equally spaced relatlonship about the circumference of a circle so as to be engageable in that order by the rotary switch fill arm 213. The contacts with the same subscript are connected together and in turn are respectively connected by means of suitable conductors 215a to 215], inclusive which are preferably in-' cluded in a suitable cable 216, with the terminals A to F inclusive of the code signal generator 26; In this way the six ten-minute periods in each hour will be designated by a code signal having a unique frequency; the first ten-minute period being designated by one code signal, the second by another, etc. The synchronous switch arm 213 is connected by means of a conductor 211! with a recording head 54c for recording the par-- ticular ten-minute period, whereupon a particular frequency is recorded on the recording element 4! in depen ence upon the particular con tact 214 with which the synchronous switch arm 213 is in engagement.

Since quarter day time information is recorded it is only necessary to record the particular hour in each quarter day, or in other words hourly time information for six-hour periods. For the purpose of producing such hour time indications the timing unit 2'1 includes three independent synchronous switch arms 220, 221 and 222. The synchronous switch arm 222 is rotatable with the shaft 212 at twelve revolutions per day or one revolution every two hours. The synchronous switch arms 22d and 221 are rotatable with a shaft 224 which rotates one revolution per day and is connected through a reduction gear mechanism 225 and the shaft 226 with the shaft 2E2. The synchronous switches 220 and 221 are adapted to engage suitable contacts designated as 228, twelve contacts being associated with each syn"- chronous switch and arranged in equally spaced relationship about the circumference of a circle. The contacts 223 associated with the synchronous switch arm 22!) are designated as 22%, 2230 and 228a in that order and repeat themselves four times during one revolution of the synchronous switch arm 226. The contacts 228a, 2230 and 228s are connected by means of conductors 2313a, 2300 and 230e respectively arranged in a cable 231a to the corresponding terminals A, C and E of the code signal generator 25 respectively. Similarly, the contacts 2231), 228d and 2231 associated with the synchronous switch arm 221 are connected by the conductors 2301), 239d and 230; respectively with the terminals B, D and F respectively oi the code signal generator 26 through a cable 231?).

For the purpose of rendering the synchronous switch arms 22% and 122i alternately efiective the synchronous switch arm 222 is provided which rotates at one revolution every two hours. This synchronous switch arm 222 is adapted to engage with either one of two se1ni-circular contacts 232a and 2.3212 respectively. The contact 232a is electrically connected by means of a conductor 233 with the synchronous switch arm 229 while the contact 2321) is connected by means of a conductor 234 with the synchronous switch arm 221. The synchronous switch arm 222 is connected by means of a conductor 225 with the recording head 5 Consequently a different code indication for each hour of each quarter day period is provided on the recording element 4i by the recording head 54 For the purpose of recording the particular quarter day time information there is provided a synchronous switch arm 240 mounted for rotation with the shaft 224 which rotates at one revolution per day. The synchronous switch arm 240 is adapted during its rotation successive- 

